The Focal Plane Explained
In a variable power rifle scope, the reticle can be placed in one of two positions inside the optical system: the first focal plane (FFP) or the second focal plane (SFP). This single design decision has major consequences for how the scope performs in the field.
First Focal Plane (FFP)
In an FFP scope, the reticle is placed before the magnification erector. As you increase magnification, the reticle appears to grow along with the target image. The critical result: reticle subtensions remain accurate at every power setting.
- Advantage: Holdover values and ranging calculations work at any magnification
- Advantage: MRAD or MOA holds are true at all powers
- Disadvantage: Reticle can appear very fine at low power, harder to see
- Best for: Long-range precision shooting, ranging, variable engagement distances
Second Focal Plane (SFP)
In an SFP scope, the reticle is placed after the magnification erector. The reticle appears the same size regardless of magnification. Subtensions are only accurate at one specific power setting (usually maximum).
- Advantage: Reticle is always crisp and easy to see
- Advantage: Lower cost to manufacture
- Disadvantage: Holdovers only valid at the calibrated magnification
- Best for: Hunting at known distances, competitions at fixed range
Simple rule: If you plan to use holdovers or range with your reticle at varying magnifications, you need FFP. If you always dial for distance or hunt at fixed power, SFP works fine.
Which to Choose
For precision long-range shooting and military/law enforcement applications, FFP is the standard. For hunting scopes used predominantly at one magnification setting, SFP offers a cleaner reticle picture and lower cost. Many experienced hunters prefer SFP for this reason.
Top FFP Picks
- NightForce ATACR 4-16×42 F1 — The benchmark for precision FFP scopes
- NightForce NX8 2.5-20×50 F1 — Compact FFP with exceptional versatility
- Vortex Razor HD Gen III 6-36×56 — Maximum precision at extended range